en Radiation Biology Radiation Biology تحقيق بديع Original Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="text-justify:newspaper"><span style="text-kashida-space:50%"><span style="line-height:119%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:black"><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Background:</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">To investigate the combined effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderic acid B and Ganoderma polysaccharides) and radiation on the proliferation and gene expression of skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) A431 cells, focusing on the TGF-</span></span></span><span lang="el" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:el">&beta;/</span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">Smad signaling pathway. </span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Materials and Methods: </span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">A431 cells were treated with varying concentrations of Ganoderic acid B (0&ndash;400 &micro;mol/L) and Ganoderma polysaccharides (0&ndash;10 mg/mL), either alone or in combination with radiation doses (0, 2, 4, 8 Gy). Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay after 24 hours. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-</span></span></span><span lang="el" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:el">&beta;1, </span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">GDF11, Smad2, Smad4, and Smad7 were analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR. </span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Results: </span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">Both Ganoderic acid B and Ganoderma polysaccharides inhibited A431 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Radiation alone also reduced cell viability. The combined treatment of Ganoderma with radiation exhibited a synergistic inhibitory effect, significantly enhancing cytotoxicity compared to monotherapies (p < 0.05). Ganoderic acid B and Ganoderma polysaccharides reduced the expression of TGF-</span></span></span><span lang="el" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:el">&beta;/</span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">Smad-related genes. The potential interaction with radiation requires further investigation. </span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Conclusion: </span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">Ganoderma lucidum enhances the radiosensitivity of skin SCC cells, potentially through cooperative suppression of the TGF-</span></span></span><span lang="el" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:el">&beta;/</span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">Smad signaling pathway. These findings suggest a promising integrative strategy to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in the treatment of skin SCC.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> Carcinoma, squamous cell, ganoderma lucidum, radiotherapy, radiosensitivity, transforming growth factor beta, SMAD proteins. 1101 1107 http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-1621&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Y. Zhang 7900319475328460035034 7900319475328460035034 No College of Medical Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China W. Xiong 7900319475328460035035 7900319475328460035035 No Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, China P. Hao 7900319475328460035036 7900319475328460035036 No College of Medical Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China G. Zhang 7900319475328460035037 7900319475328460035037 No College of Medical Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China Y. Wang 7900319475328460035038 7900319475328460035038 No College of Medical Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China R. Gao 7900319475328460035039 7900319475328460035039 No College of Medical Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China H. Tan sintist@163.com 7900319475328460035040 7900319475328460035040 Yes Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China