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Showing 15 results for Jin
Dr. D. Soyal, Dr. A. Jindal, Dr. I. Singh, Dr. P.k. Goyal,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2007)
Abstract
Background: This study was carried out to observe
the radioprotective effects of Rosemarinus officinalis
leaves extract (ROE) against radiation-induced
histopathological alterations in liver of mice.
Materials and Methods: Adult Swiss albino mice
were exposed to 6 Gy gamma radiation in the
presence (experimental) or absence (control) of ROE to
study the qualitative and quantitative alterations in the
liver. Results: Normal hepatocyte counts were found
to be declined up to day 10th post-irradiation in both
the groups but thereafter such cells increased
reaching to near normal level at the last autopsy
interval, only in experimental group. Contrary,
frequency of abnormal hepatocytes increased up to
day 10th after irradiation in both the groups.
Binucleate hepatic cells showed a biphasic mode of
elevation after irradiation, first at 12 hrs and second
on day 10th in control group whereas in experimental
group, the elevation was comparatively less marked
and even the second peak was not evident. Irradiation
of animals resulted in an elevation in lipid peroxidation
(LPx) and a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH)
concentration in liver as well as in blood. Conversely,
experimental group showed a significant decline in LPx
and an elevation in GSH concentration. Conclusion:
These results indicate that Rosemarinus officinalis
leaves extract (ROE) is able to protect the liver of Swiss
albino mice against radiation induced histopathological
alterations. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2007 4 (4): 161-
168
H. Nan, S. Jinlu, Z. Shaoxiang, H. Qing, T. Li-Wen, G. Chengjun, X. Tang, S.b. Jiang, Dr. Z. Xiao-Lin,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background: Accurate voxel phantom is needed
for dosimetric simulation in radiation therapy for
malignant tumors in female pelvic region. However,
most of the existing voxel phantoms are constructed
on the basis of Caucasian or non-Chinese population.
Materials and Methods: A computational framework
for constructing female pelvic voxel phantom for
radiation dosimetry was performed based on Chinese
Visible Human (CVH) datasets. First, several organs
within pelvic region were segmented from CVH
datasets. Then, polygonization and voxelization were
performed based on the segmented organs and a 3D
computational phantom is built in the form of a set of
voxel arrays. Results: The generated phantom can be
converted and loaded into treatment planning system
for radiation dosimetry calculation. From the
observed dosimetric results of those organs and
structures, we can evaluate their absorbed dose and
implement some simulation studies. Conclusion: A
voxel female pelvic phantom was developed from
CVH datasets. It can be utilized for dosimetry evaluation
and planning simulation, which would be very
helpful to improve the clinical performance and
reduce the radiation toxicity on organ at risk (OAR).
Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2010 8 (2): 87-91
D.m. Chung, J.h. Kim, Dr. Jin Kyu Kim,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background: Cell viability is an important factor in radiation therapy and thus is a method to quantify the effect of the therapy. Materials and Methods: The viability of human hepatoma (HepG2) cells exposed to radiation was evaluated by both the MTT and Trypan blue assays. The cells were seeded on 96 well-plates at a density of 1 x 104 cells/well, incubated overnight, and irradiated with 1-100 Gy. Results: The cell viability was decreased in a dose- and time- dependent manner when using the Trypan blue assay, but no significant changes in the response to dose could be detected using the MTT assay. It indicated that the MTT assay was not efficient at a cell density of 1 x 104 cells/well on 96 well-plates to determine cell viability. Subsequently, the relationship between cell viability and lower cell density (1 x 103, 3 x 103, and 5 x 103 cells/well) was investigated. A cell density of 1 x 103 was found to be the most effective when using the MTT assay. Results show that the cell density is most important when using the MTT assay in 96 well-plates to follow in radiation effects. Furthermore, the radiation-induced cell viability dependent on cell density was confirmed by using the traditional Clonogenic assay. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the MTT and Trypan blue assays are rapid methods to detect radiation-induced cell viability of HepG2 cells in about 3 days as compared with 14 days of assay time in the Clonogenic assay. To obtain accurate cell viability measures using both rapid assays, an incubation time of at least 3 days is needed after irradiation.
Dr. R.l. Njinga, V.m. Tshivhase,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (7-2017)
Abstract
Background: In this study, the health risk associated with three types of drinking waters (fissure, underground treated and surrounding waters) from two mines in South Africa were assessed. Materials and Methods: The measurement of the radionuclides concentration was carried out by liquid scintillation counter and alpha spectrometer. The estimated radiological risk pose to the people consuming the water types were evaluated based on the calculated radionuclide concentrations. Results: The value of the gross alpha was 1.15 ± 0.13 Bq/L and gross beta activity was 0.87 ± 0.11 Bq/L in the treated underground water. These values were several fold above the limit value of 1.0 Bq/L for gross alpha and 0.1 Bq/L for gross beta. For the fissure water, the gross alpha activity value was 0.56 ± 0.10 Bq/L which is less than the limit of 1.0 Bq/L and the gross beta activity was high with a value of 0.52 ± 0.11 Bq/L compared to the limit value of 0.1 Bq/L. The results around the Princess gold mine showed very high gross alpha and beta activity in the collected water samples studied. In general, the concentrations of the natural radionuclides were high especially 238U, 226Ra, 230Th, 235U, 234U and 210Po in all the water samples. Conclusion: The calculated chemical toxicity, cancer mortality/morbidity and hazards quotient with respect to 238U were very high. Hence, the waters within these vicinities are polluted with radionuclides and may posed serious health effect to the inhabitant.
Dr. R.l. Njinga, V.m. Tshivhase, U.u. Elele,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background: All human beings and living organisms are exposed to natural radiations on daily basis, which is mainly due to the activity concentration of primordial radionuclides 232Th, 238U and their products of decay together with the natural radionuclide 40K present in the earth’s crust. Materials and Methods: A total of 59 soil samples were collected around the banks and surroundings of the Lancaster dam using an auger at a depth of about 0.75 meters from the top surface. The samples were analysed using low background co-axial n-type High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector of high-resolution and the resulting spectrum were analysed using Canberra Genie software. Results: This study revealed that the activity concentration values are in the order of 232Th <40K<238U in all sampling sites. A statistical analysis based on Pearson correlation showed a positive correlation between the radiological parameters and the two primordial radionuclides 232Th, 238U and the natural radionuclide 40K. Conclusion: This implied that the two primordial radionuclides 232Th, 238U and their products of decay including the natural radionuclide 40K contribute to the emission of gamma radiation in all the locations of the study area. The calculated 238U/232Th concentration ratio in soils of present study was almost six times higher compared with different countries of the world.
T.k. Bijina, Ph.d., K.m. Ganesh, B. Subbulakshmi, A. Pichandi,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (4-2020)
Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate single collimator (SC) and double collimator (DC) plans with respect to dosimetric analysis, calculated dose delivery to OAR and treatment time in carcinoma prostate patients treated with cyberknife. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among twenty low and intermediate risk carcinoma prostate previously treated with Cyberknife. PTV was created and OARs were delineated. The prescribed dose was set as 37.5 Gy in 5 fractions and a base plan (BP), followed by three reduction plans (time, beam and node) were generated for both single and double collimators with sequential optimization module. The SC and DC plans were compared for the above-said variables. The mean differences were compared using paired t-test. A p-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The median age of the patients was 63 years. DC plans had tighter isodose lines. The means of minimum doses did not vary significantly across the plans but the mean and maximum doses, PTV D2 and V95 means were significantly higher in single collimator plan. The mean CI and HI values were better in DC plans. The doses to OAR were comparable in both single and double collimator plans in terms of maximum doses. The mean doses received by OAR’s were significantly lesser in DC plans.SC plans resulted in lesser beams, nodes, MU and treatment time.
Conclusion: Double collimator plans were better in producing good dosimetric results and reduced OAR doses with lesser estimated treatment efficiency.
S. Cha, S.t. Kim, S. Song, M.d. Yu, M. Pak, S. An, Y.w. Jin, C. Kim, M. Cho,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background: Although nuclear technology has various beneficial, it also has a variety of risks. In particular, initial response is very import to respond to risks.
Therefore, the program to increase initial response proficiency can be regarded as very essential. The Republic of Korea annually conducts more than 10 nuclear emergency response training programs, and specialized training courses for initial response are conducted twice several times a year. Materials and Methods: The participants of the initial response training program were evaluated by senior professionals who had over 10 years of experience. The DISASTER Paradigm developed by the National Disaster Life Support Program was used as an index for evaluation. The purpose of evaluation was to identify issues in the current training program through evaluation results over a period of three years. The difference-in-differences method was used to quantitatively analyze the evaluation results. Results: Five indicators of the DISASTER Paradigm demonstrated that personnel skills improved through training. However, three indicators showed that skill levels decreased despite continued training. Conclusion: According to the results, the treatment of radioactive waste (T), evacuation (E), and triage of radiation exposure (R) indicators showed a decrease in the proficiency level, which were difficult to demonstrate in the real world because of the specificity of radiation. Accordingly, program contents corresponding to T, E, and R indicators must be revised using tools that can accurately portray the specificity of radiation.
L.j. Chen, B. Wang, S.f. Wang, Z.l. Xu, L.z. Jin, M.h. Hu, Dr. G.y. Wang, Dr. X.p. Yang,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the application of dual-energy spectral computerized tomography (DECT) to accurately diagnose breast cancer and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: Between May 2018 and December 2019, 37 patients (22 with breast cancer and 15 with normal breast cancer) who underwent spectral CT imaging were analyzed. Metastatic lymph nodes were identified in 14 patients with breast cancer. Twelve patients who underwent traditional CT were included randomly as the control group to compare the radiation dose with spectral CT. Monochromatic levels with an optimal contrast-to-noise ratio for normal breast tissue were obtained. Quantitative parameters of spectral CT were compared between normal breast and breast cancer patients. The spectral curve, histogram, and scatter plot features of metastatic lymph nodes and primary lesions were analyzed. Results: The monochromatic level with the optimal contrast-to-noise ratio of the breast was approximately 65keV. All quantitative parameters, including values at 40keV–140keV, the concentrations of iodine, spectral curve slope (λHU), and relative iodine concentration were increased in breast cancer compared to those in healthy breasts. Metastatic lymph nodes were more consistent with primary breast cancer lesions in the spectral curve, histogram, and scatter plot, especially in the venous phase. Additionally, the radiation of spectral CT was decreased compared to that of traditional CT. Conclusion: Spectral CT can be used to identify breast cancer and metastatic lymph nodes.
N. Li, T-T Li, X-Y Xiang, X-D Liu, Y. Tang, Y-X Li, J-M Shi, W-Y Liu, H. Ren, H. Fang, Y. Tang, B. Chen, N-N Lu, J. Hao, S-N Qi, S-L Wang, Y-P Liu, Y-W Song, Ph.d., J. Jin,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background: To investigate the effect of a pneumatic abdominal compression belt (PACB) on suppressing the movement of primary lesions in the oesophageal gastric junction (EGJ). Materials and Methods: Titanium clips A and B were placed on the upper and lower edges of the tumour grossly in 10 patients by using gastroscopy before preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Four sets of images of clips were obtained by 4DCT in each patient with and without PACB. Nine sets of CBCT images were obtained from each patient for analysis. Paired t tests and independent t tests were used to test for differences. Results: In the cranio-caudal (CC) directions, the internal motion of clip B was smaller with PACB than without PACB (P=0.000). The interfraction motion of clip B in the left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP) and CC directions was smaller with than without PACB (P=0.002, 0.002 and 0.005). We determined that 0.9, 0.9 and 0.9 cm ITV margins in the LR, AP and CC directions are suggested for EGJ lesions with PACB to better cover the tumour movements. Conclusion: A pneumatic abdominal compression belt can reduce the intra- and interfraction movements of EGJ tumours during preoperative radiotherapy.
Y. Quan, Y. Jin, Y. Liu, S. Hu, X. Yin, M. Jin, Ph.d., W. Jiang,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background: To explore the impact of head and neck computed tomography (CT) guided nerve interventional therapy in ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with ICVD (n=100) admitted to our hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly allocated into control group (CG) and observation group (OG). The CG received drug treatment, and the OG drug treatment before surgery and treated with head and neck CT combined with nerve intervention therapy. Interventional therapy was conducted via endovascular stenting. The National Institute Health of Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, activities of daily living (ADL) score, vascular recanalization rate, blood flow of the diseased vessels along with occurrence of adverse reactions in both groups were compared. Results: After therapy, NIHSS score in both groups was declined, and lower in the OG relative to the CG (P<0.05), while ADL score in both groups was elevated, and higher in the OG relative to the CG (P<0.05). The vascular recirculation rate of the OG was 86.00%, higher relative to 60.00% in the CG (P<0.05). Vs (peak systolic flow velocity) and Vd (end diastolic flow velocity) in both groups was lessened post treatment, and lower in the OG relative to the CG (P<0.05). The occurrence of adverse reactions in two groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: CT guided nerve interventional therapy was effective for the treatment of ICVD patients, which promoted vascular recanalization and nerve function recovery, effectively improve vascular endothelial function and cerebral blood flow of patients, and improve patient life quality.
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