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Showing 25 results for Liver
Dr. D. Soyal, Dr. A. Jindal, Dr. I. Singh, Dr. P.k. Goyal,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2007)
Abstract
Background: This study was carried out to observe
the radioprotective effects of Rosemarinus officinalis
leaves extract (ROE) against radiation-induced
histopathological alterations in liver of mice.
Materials and Methods: Adult Swiss albino mice
were exposed to 6 Gy gamma radiation in the
presence (experimental) or absence (control) of ROE to
study the qualitative and quantitative alterations in the
liver. Results: Normal hepatocyte counts were found
to be declined up to day 10th post-irradiation in both
the groups but thereafter such cells increased
reaching to near normal level at the last autopsy
interval, only in experimental group. Contrary,
frequency of abnormal hepatocytes increased up to
day 10th after irradiation in both the groups.
Binucleate hepatic cells showed a biphasic mode of
elevation after irradiation, first at 12 hrs and second
on day 10th in control group whereas in experimental
group, the elevation was comparatively less marked
and even the second peak was not evident. Irradiation
of animals resulted in an elevation in lipid peroxidation
(LPx) and a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH)
concentration in liver as well as in blood. Conversely,
experimental group showed a significant decline in LPx
and an elevation in GSH concentration. Conclusion:
These results indicate that Rosemarinus officinalis
leaves extract (ROE) is able to protect the liver of Swiss
albino mice against radiation induced histopathological
alterations. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2007 4 (4): 161-
168
Dr. A. Gaur,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (3-2010)
Abstract
Background: Genistein is a soya isoflavone,
which is found naturally in legumes, such as
soybeans and chickpeas. Radiation–induced free
radicals in turn impair the antioxidative defense
mechanism, leading to an increased membrane lipid
peroxidation that results in damage of the membrane
bound enzyme and may lead to damage or death of
cell. Hence, the lipid peroxidation is a good biomarker
of damage occurs due to radiation and the inhibition
of lipid peroxidation is suggestive of radioprotective
action. Glutathione has been shown to protect cells
against oxidative stress by reacting with peroxides
and hydroperoxides and determines the inherent
radiosensitivity of cells. Materials and Methods: For
experimentation, healthy Swiss Albino male mice of 6
-8 weeks old were selected from inbred colony.
Genistein was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and
then prepared different concentration solutions so
that the volume administered intraperitoneally was
0.5 ml. Lipid peroxidation was estimated by the
method of Ohkawa and GSH was estimated by the
method of Moron. Results: The intraperitoneal
administration of optimum dose (200 mg/kg body
weight) of Genistein before 24 hrs and 15 minutes of
irradiation (8 Gy at a dose rate of 1.02 Gy/min)
reverted the increase in lipid peroxidation (by 18.01%
± 3.05) and decrease of Glutathione (by 62.05% ±
21.58) caused by irradiation in liver of Swiss albino
mice. Statistically analyzed survival data produced a
dose reduction factor (DRF) = 1.24. Conclusion: The
results indicate that Genistein against radiation effect
may pave way to the formulation of medicine in
radiotherapy for normal tissue and possible against
radiomimetic drug induced toxicity. Iran. J. Radiat.
Res., 2009 7 (4): 187-199
Dr. K.v. Sharma, R. Sisodia,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background: The radioprotective effect of Grewia
asiatica fruit (GAE) which contains anthocyanin type
cyanidin 3- glucoside, vitamin C, A, minerals,
carotenes and dietary fibers etc was studied.
Materials and Methods: For study Swiss albino mice
were divided into five groups-1. Control (vehicle
treated) 2. GAE treated (700 mg / Kg. b.wt / day for
fifteen days), 3. Irradiated (5 Gy), 4. GAE + Irradiated
and 5. Irradiated + GAE treated. Results: The
irradiation of animals resulted in a significant
depletion in the DNA and RNA level at all intervals
studied viz 1-30 days in comparison to control group.
Treatment of mice with GAE before and after
irradiation caused a significant elevation in liver DNA
and RNA level in comparison to irradiated mice.
Photomicrograph of liver histology also showed that
pre and post supplementation of GAE provides
protection against radiation. Similarly counting of
different type hepatocytes also showed that GAE
protect the liver against radiation. Conclusion: Thus
biochemical and histopathological results proves that
GAE has the potential against radiation. Iran. J.
Radiat. Res., 2010 8 (2): 75-85
S. Arya, Dr. J. Sharma,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy is the main modality
of cancer treatment. There are many chemical radioprotectors
which unfortunately have lethal or toxic
effect. Therefore the search is on to find out natural
plant based radioprotectors. A well known medicinal
plant,which is more acceptable to the body,
Tinospora cordifolia, was tested in animal tissues
against gamma radiations. Radioprotective effects of
Tinospora cordifolia (Miers) extract against radiation
induced biochemical changes in liver of Swiss albino
mouse were investigated. Materials and Methods: For
experimental study, healthy swiss albino mice were
selected from an inbred colony and divided into six
groups and exposed to 6Gy and 8Gygamma radiation
(control) or 6Gy and 8Gy gamma radiation with 5mg/
kg body weight of TC extract (experimental), sham
irradiated (Normal) and plant extract only. Mice were
sacrificed at various post irradiation intervals and
liver was removed for quantitative estimation of DNA
and RNA. Results: On the first day post irradiation in
control group (6Gy and 8Gy both). DNA content
decreased significantly as compared to the sham
irradiated controls. Then there was continuous
increase uptill 28th day but it remained below the
normal. Decrease in DNA content of liver in the
experimental group (6Gy) was observed on 1st day
but the values were higher than that of the controls.
RNA content increased in the control animals treated
with 6Gy and 8Gy which was maximum at day 3,
followed by a decrease at the subsequent intervals.
Increase in the amount of RNA was recorded in the
experimental animals also. Then came down to the
normal on 10th day in the experimental groups
(P<0.01). Conclusion: These results indicate that
TC is able to protect nucleic acids the liver of Swiss
albino mouse against gamma radiation. Iran. J.
Radiat. Res., 2010 8 (3): 179-185
Dr. M.n. Anjum, W. Parker, I. Aldahlawi, R. Ruo, M. Afzal,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background: We have validated the monitor unit
calculations from a commercially available treatment
planning system (TPS) for three intensity modulated
radiotherapy (IMRT) planning techniques for
tangential breast irradiation by using ionization
chamber measurements. Materials and Methods:
Treatment plans were generated for forty-two breast
patients by a forward planned field in field technique,
electronic tissue compensation (ETC), and an inverse
planned sliding window technique. We also
performed a reproducibility of delivery and dose
linearity analysis for each technique. The treatments
were delivered to a phantom using a Varian CL21EX
linear accelerator. A 2571 0.6 cm3 Farmer type ionization
chamber and Farmer 2570/1 electrometer
from NE Technology was used to measure output of
the linear accelerator and the dose at predefined
point in the verification plan. Results: The agreement
between the measured and calculated dose was
-0.87% ± 0.54% for field in field technique, -0.74% ±
0.23% for electronic tissue compensators, and
-1.26% ± 0.48% for the inverse planning technique
and. In terms of reproducibility the mean deviation
was -1.10% ± 0.44% for the field in field technique,
-0.38% ± 0.42% for electronic tissue compensators,
-1.04% ± 0.42% for inverse planning technique. Dose
linearity experiments showed no significant variations
for clinical situations but a breakdown was observed
in relative dose for very low monitor units.
Conclusion: We have found that the monitor unit
calculations for all three planning techniques are
correct to the order of 1%, and that the plans can be
delivered in a reproducible and accurate manner.
Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2011 9(3): 145-150
Dr. T.a. Heusner, C. Mikat, S. Hahn, J. Altenbernd, A. Stahl, A. Bockisch, M. Forsting, G. Antoch,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background: To retrospectively describe imaging
characteristics of liver metastases on fused FDG-PET/
MRI data sets and to compare the diagnostic
accuracy of MRI and fused FDG-PET/MRI data sets
for the detection of liver metastases in patients
undergoing systemic anticancer treatment. Materials
and Methods: 43 oncological patients (mean age:
56+/- 11 years) were investigated by FDG-PET/CT
and liver MRI. FDG-PET data from PET/CT scans were
fused with MRI. 556 lesions were evaluated. 5 different
evaluation algorithms were used for FDG-PET/
MRI evaluation. The sensitivity, specifity, PPV, NPV
and accuracy of MRI and FDG-PET/MRI data for the
detection of liver metastases were calculated. A
mean follow-up of 647 days served as reference
standard. McNemar’s test was used to test for
statistically significant differences between MRI and
FDG-PET/MRI (p<0.5). Results: The sensitivity, specificity,
PPV, NPV and accuracy of MRI for the detection
of liver metastases were 86%, 81%, 97%, 47%, and
85% and 50%, 100%, 100%, 22%, and 56%, for FDGPET/
MRI. FDG-PET/MRI was significantly less
accurate than MRI alone (p<.001). Conclusion: In
opposite to patients before systemic anticancer
therapy the fusion of FDG-PET data with liver MRI
cannot be recommended for the detection of liver
metastases in patients undergoing systemic oncological
therapy. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2012 9(4): 209-219
Y. Shen, X. Li , L. Liang, Y. Zhao, S. Bai, Dr. F. Xu,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (7-2017)
Abstract
Background: This study evaluated whether IMRT using fewer beams and segments could reduce delivery time without compromising plan quality in gastric cancer adjuvant radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent D2, R0 surgery were included in this study. IMRT plans for each patient were designed as 7 equal beams with 40 segments, 5 beams with 25 segments and 4 beams with 20 segments. The dosimetric parameters were compared for the planned target volume (PTV). The dose of normal organs at risk (OARs) was also assessed. The monitor units and treatment times of the different IMRT plans were calculated. Results: The 20-segment IMRT plan significantly reduced the PTV maximum dose compared to the 40-segment IMRT plan. The 20-segment IMRT plan improved left kidney and liver dose sparing in V20 and V30 as well as the 40-segment IMRT plan did and provided better protection for the V20 (13.86±7.78) of the right kidney, the V30 (9.25±4.04) of the left kidney, the D mean (19.68±2.47) of liver and D max (38.79±3.57) of the spinal cord. Irradiation times in the 20-segment and 25-segment plans decreased by 2.5 and 1.9 min, respectively, compared to the 40-segment IMRT plan. Conclusion: IMRT using fewer beams and segments reduced delivery time without compromising plan quality in gastric cancer adjuvant radiotherapy. Fewer segments IMRT plans lowered the monitor units and the treatment time.
M.s. Tawfik, Ph.d M. Saif-Elnasr, A.a. Elkady, M.m. Alkady, A.m. Hawas,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background: the increasing use of mobile phones in daily life causes many concerns about their effects on human health. Therefore, this work was designed to study the effects of exposure to 1800 MHz electromagnetic waves (EMW) on the liver and intestine of male albino rats and the protective role of ferulic acid (FA) against these harmful effects. Materials and Methods: twenty-four male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: 1) control group, 2) treated group given FA, 3) irradiated group exposed to 1800 MHz EMW and 4) treated-irradiated group given FA then exposed to EMW. Biochemical analysis and histopathological examination were performed. Results: a significant increase in serum activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α was shown in the irradiated group, while IL-10 was significantly decreased. There was a significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase and total antioxidant capacity in the tissues of liver and intestine of this group as well as some histopathological changes. All these serum and tissues parameters and histopathological changes were improved in the group treated with FA before exposure to EMW. Conclusion: prolonged exposure to EMW emitted from mobile phones might produce harmful effects in the liver and intestinal tissues of albino rats. These effects can be prevented by FA administration which may be protective against tissue damage induced by EMW through the suppression of oxidative stress.
M.h. El Batanouny, Dr. R.m. Yousri, S. Mahfouz, E.s. Salem,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background: Exposure to ionizing radiation is inevitable. Using of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) stimulates tissue repair and reduces inflammation. The objective of the present study aimed at evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser in stimulating the reparative processes in the liver of mice after whole body gamma-irradiation (WBγ-I). Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty four female mice were divided into 6 groups: Control, Laser irradiated, One shot gamma irradiated group, One shot + laser irradiated, Cumulative gamma irradiated and Cumulative + laser irradiated. Ionizing radiation was performed using a Cesium-137 source. Two modes of exposure were used, 1- Mice were irradiated with a single shot sublethal dose of 5 Gy. 2- The same dose was given in fractionated mode daily installations of 1 Gy. Laser treatment was carried out using a computerized scanner emitting He-Ne (CW). The assessment of serum transferases (AST & ALT) was performed along with histopathological (HP) assessment of liver biopsies. Results: There was a significant increase in serum transaminases above the control levels in gamma irradiated groups. Laser therapy of these groups was accompanied by a significant decrease in the elevated levels of transaminases. HP changes in the liver of the shot gamma-irradiated group showed that the main brunt of damage was on the liver cells. Meanwhile, in the cumulative gamma-irradiated group the main brunt was on the vascular system including the central veins and the portal blood vessels. Conclusion: It could be concluded that mice exposed to WBγ-I suffered from aggravated HP changes in the liver tissues accompanied by disturbances in the level of liver enzymes. These undesirable alterations were ameliorated by the treatment of the experimental mice by He-Ne laser before being irreversibly damaged.
Ph.d., O. Ozmen, O. Kavrik,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate hepatic lesions induced by the 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of Wi-Fi and the protective effects of Vitamin C (Vit C) in rats. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly distributed into three groups, each containing six rats. The groups were Control, EMR (EMR, 1 h/day for 30 days) and EMR + Vit C (EMR, 1 h/day for 30 days and Vit C, 250 mg/kg/daily). At the end of the study, blood and liver tissue samples were collected for laboratory examinations. Results: Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were increased in the EMR group compared with the control group. Liver histology of rats in the EMR group revealed severe hyperemia, slight degeneration, and lipidosis. Caspase-3, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and HIF-2 immunoexpression was increased, and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) expression was markedly decreased in hepatocytes in the EMR group. Vit C treatment ameliorated both biochemical and pathological findings. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that 2.45 GHz (Wi-Fi) EMR can cause liver damage in rats, but Vit C has an ameliorative effect.
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