en Radiation Biology Radiation Biology تحقيق بديع Original Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="text-justify:newspaper"><span style="text-kashida-space:50%"><span style="line-height:119%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:black"><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Background</span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">Chloridazon belongs to the pyridazinone group of herbicides. Pyridazinone derivatives are known to have various pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer effects. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity, apoptotic, anti-metastasis, and anti-angiogenesis effects of chloridazon-loaded alginate-chitosan nanocapsules on the 4T1 breast cancer cell line. </span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Materials and Methods: </span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">The 4T1 cell line was cultured in RPMI 1640 media and treated with different concentrations of chloridazon-loaded alginate-chitosan nanocapsules. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay, while cell vitality was assessed using the NR uptake assay. Apoptosis was induced and observed through acridine orange and propidium iodide staining. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes associated with metastasis (MMP-2 & MMP-9) and angiogenesis (VEGF-A) were analyzed using the RT-PCR technique. </span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Results: </span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">The chloridazon-loaded nanocapsules displayed increased cytotoxicity on the 4T1 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. As the treatment dose increased, both cell viability and vitality decreased. The IC50 of the nanoformulation was measured as 74 </span></span></span><span lang="el" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:el">&mu;</span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">g/ml based on the dose-response curve. Additionally, the nanoformulation was found to induce apoptosis and decrease the expression levels of genes related to metastasis (MMP-2 & MMP-9) and angiogenesis (VEGF-A). Notably, the doses of 100 </span></span></span><span lang="el" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:el">&mu;</span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">g/ml and 160 </span></span></span><span lang="el" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:el">&mu;</span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">g/ml of the nanoformulation exhibited the most significant effects. </span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="color:#1f497d"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="language:en-US">Conclusion: </span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="language:en-US">Our findings reveal that the chloridazon-loaded alginate-chitosan nanocapsules have the potential to exert cytotoxic effects on the 4T1 breast cancer cell line.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> Alginate-Chitosan Nanocapsule, Chloridazon, Pyridazinone, Cytotoxicity. 739 748 http://ijrr.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-1234&slc_lang=en&sid=1 S. Babaei 7900319475328460028263 7900319475328460028263 No Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran D. Kahrizi dkahrizi@modares.ac.ir 7900319475328460028264 7900319475328460028264 Yes Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran N. Karimi 7900319475328460028265 7900319475328460028265 No I. Nosratti 7900319475328460028266 7900319475328460028266 No Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran E. Arkan 7900319475328460028267 7900319475328460028267 No Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran S. Ercişli 7900319475328460028268 7900319475328460028268 No Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey M.B. Tahir 7900319475328460028269 7900319475328460028269 No Department of Physics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan